A Historical Approach To The Harness Racing
Harness racing is a category of horse-racing in which the horses race each other at a precise pace. They usually pull two-wheeled carts named sulkies.
Harness racing represented the most booming game in the years before the Civil War. From the moment the South took control of Thoroughbred racing, the North attempted to gain control, but an unhappy reproduction market, a need for tough jockey clubs to alter the sport and a shortage of followers kept the track at a low point. Around 1850 more audiences watched strap up races than any other game and there existed about seventy tracks countrywide, seven in the New York region alone.
These harness races were limited mostly to standard bred horses. In Scandinavia or Europe cold-blooded horses, so called because they belong to a breed known for having a stable, calm temperament, are used as well as European horses which regularly have some French or even Russian ancestry. The standardbreds are called so on the basis that in the early period of standard breeding studs, only horses who were able to run one mile in an average time, or who’s progeny could do such a thing, were experienced enough to get into the race.
Standardbreds have shorter legs than the Thoroughbreds, but they compensate with their longer bodies. They also are of more docile dispositions, as suits horses whose races engage more strategy and more acceleration than Thoroughbred races.
Messenger was the name of Standardbred horse’s founding member. It was brought in 1788 to America and bought by Henry Astor, brother of John Jacob Astor. From this horse came a great-grandson, named Hambletonian 10, which received an widely covered following for his personal racing aptitudes. He is also well known for his breed line. The lineage of almost every American Standardbred horses can be followed from his sons.
The races can take place by trotting or pacing, two different steps. The difference is that the trotter tends to move its legs onwards in oblique pairs, while a pacer moves its legs to one side.
In continental Europe races are conducted entirely between trotters, whereas in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States races are also held for pacers.
The pacing races correspond to almost 90% of Harness racing performed in North America. They are quicker and, most noteworthy to the bettor, much less likely to falter pace (a horse that begins to run needs to be slowed down or taken outside in hope of regaining speed). One of the reasons which make pacers less likely to break their stride is that they often wear hopples. These are straps which connect the horses legs on both sides.
The idea that hopples are used to create this gait is misconceived; the gait is natural, the hopples are simply an accessory to support the pace when gaining top speed.
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